Education-Benchmark Assessment Essay

A few hypotheses clarify the idea of Early Childhood Education (ECE). Deiner (2013) portrays that every one of them share a similar supposition that a youth instructor is amazingly fundamental in the advancement of a child’s scholarly and instructive capacities. It is additionally usually pleasant among the hypotheses that the youth training can have an extraordinary effect in the life of a person since instruction is dynamic, and each stage prompts a higher one. Be that as it may, there are a few logical inconsistencies in the speculations, which respect to certain parts of ECE. For example, a few investigations feel that the scholarly improvement relies upon the qualities of the kid as procured from the guardians. Different examinations hold an alternate conclusion, that the earth assumes an extraordinary job in ECE. Some state that both nature and the organic assume an extraordinary job in youth advancement. This examination depends on the way that the instructor is a piece of the earth wherein the youngster is exposed to, and all kids can learn. The teacher has a few jobs that cause them to greatly affect a kid. A youth instructor has the obligation to guarantee that a kid gains however much information as could reasonably be expected relying upon the degree of the youngster, where the level is to a huge degree controlled by the age of the kid. A kid invests the greater part of the waking energy with the teacher. There are contrasts introduced by the different characters of kids. Subsequently, every youngster ought to be dealt with uniquely in contrast to the next by the teacher. Accordingly, the teacher needs to have adequate information on how toâ understand every kid, with the goal that every kid gains maximally. The teacher characterizes the earth wherein a kid lives in school. It is pleasant that kids have some basic interests. For example, most investigations call attention to that utilizing objects in teaching kids in grade three or lower can have on improving their insight by having them identify with things they as often as possible use. This implies nature needs to have different items and pictorial introductions for increasingly powerful learning. There are different contemplations that the teacher should know about, for example, guaranteeing that the relationship among understudies themselves and between the instructor and youngsters is steady to the training to be obtained. A youth instructor manages kids who probably won't be abundantly uncovered, and they are available to what they are realize. It is obvious from this basic job of instructors that they ought to have some close to home attributes. Grotewell and Burton (2008) clarifies that one of them is that the instructor ought to be good example to the youngsters. What's more, the teacher ought to keep up a sound way of life since kids are a lot of powerless against transmittable ailments. The utilization of clear correspondence is likewise important, not exclusively to pass on data to the youngsters, yet in addition since it can influence the children’s relational abilities too. In addition, the instructor needs to work intimately with the youngsters, their folks and the kindred teachers so they can become familiar with every kid. This implies once in a while they are associated with settling clashes between the youngsters and families. The job as the expert in the instructing and learning of kids is accomplished through a few different ways. One of them is by the teachers creating and actualizing programs that are intended to meet the children’s physical, scholarly, social, enthusiastic, formative and social needs and interests. The projects are fundamentally kind on a play situation. The projects likewise think about the age of the youngsters. The instructor can ad lib a portion of the hardware that can be required by the kids. Also, the job can be accomplished by building the children’s relational and social aptitudes. Positive self-idea can likewise be accomplished by having the educatorâ establishing positive rules that let the youngsters to feel great, sheltered and secure. Third, as previously mentioned, consistent correspondence with different partners in ECE, for the most part the guardians, ought to be thought of. Forward, exercises that effectively include the youngsters guarantee that the kids gain maximally. Such exercises could incorporate open air play, different play encounters, bites and suppers just as field trips (Deiner, 2013). The kid teacher additionally assumes a job as a promoter in the interest of youngsters. The instructor is relied upon to comprehend youngsters as a rule. In some cases, youngsters can be introduced by difficulties that they can only with significant effort express verbally to the important specialists. This implies they can endure quietly over issues, for example, aggressive behavior at home, tormenting and absence of essential products. The teacher has adequate information to understand a youngster who is making them press issues. A few kids can pick up the certainty and trust to open up to the teacher, temperances that the instructor ought to have. The teacher could therefore pick up data that couldn't be acknowledged by the guardians and others near the youngsters. Bhavya (2007) feels that youngsters probably won't make certain on the best way to move toward these issues. Some might be living in dread of uncovering how they feel. Nonetheless, the teacher is in a superior situation to help. For example, the instructor can guarantee that the domineering jerks in the instructive organization are cautioned against it in the most ideal manner conceivable. The instructor can know on how they can help when instances of savagery where a kid is an immediate or aberrant casualty are introduced, for example, including legitimate measures just as conversing with the guardians and gatekeepers of the kids. Kids whose guardians can't adequately offer fundamental needs can have their necessities looked for from different sources. In this manner, the instructor speaks to the youngsters in situations where the kid may be not able to communicate. Instructors should work with the attitude that all youngsters can learn. Learning includes different parts of picking up information, and not selective to investigation of books. It includes relational and relational abilities. Youngsters are additionally expected to learn esteems that are commonly satisfactory in the general public. Every youngster therefore needs to learn. Likewise, every youngster hasâ the ability to learn. In spite of the fact that there can be differences in the abilities, youngsters can constantly pick up information on the viewpoints noted. The teacher ought to see how much every kid can contain. Additionally, it is applicable to know precisely what a youngster needs so as to learn. For example, a few youngsters could require visit updates and assignments with the goal that they can see a few ideas (Grotewell and Burton, 2008). As the various parts of learning are worried, there should be different appraisals to test the achievement of each. Aside from the composition and understanding aptitudes, tests, for example, decorum, stance and expressions can be led normally. In spite of the fact that the tests probably won't be recordable, an instructor who unmistakably sees every one of the understudies can obviously tell whether there is progress in the advancement of a youngster. The evaluation practices ought to guarantee that the youngsters gain from the rudiments to the perplexing substance so all kids can learn (Bhavya, 2007). Innovation as of now assumes a job in the training to little youngsters. Teachers are progressively utilizing innovation because of the few advantages it has in improving picking up of information among them. There are types of gear that have been created with a mean to make fun as youngsters learn. For example, tallying machines are appealing to the kids, and they can appreciate utilizing it. The mechanically evolved types of gear are additionally protected and simple to utilize. This implies the kids can gain proficiency with certain things all alone subsequent to being guided by the teacher. Some innovation can be utilized in showing data that couldn't be better shown in some other methods. Photographs that are introduced in screens can be pertinent in demonstrating youngsters questions that can assist them with learning. Innovation additionally diminishes costs in instructing kids. For example, an outing to see a few items in far spots can be maintained a strategic distance from by having the articles shown. Subsequently, innovation is critical in showing kids (Morgan, 2011). The earth is urgent in the educating and learning among childrenâ between birth and grade three. It influences the enthusiastic, scholarly, mental and physical parts of a youngster. The earth concerns a few things, yet above all the individuals who connect with the youngsters. Nature should bolster learning, and it could contain picking up repressing variables, or can contain inspiring ones. On the off chance that nature doesn't bolster learning, the youngster can't focus. Youngsters are a lot of liable to put more concentrate on issues that continually transpire. For example, on the off chance that they are in effect truly or sincerely mishandled, they can't increase much in the learning procedure (Morgan, 2011). Youngsters are greatly inspired by certain angles in the earth. One of them is the accessibility of abundant playing space. Since the kids increase a ton when playing, space and hardware gave by the earth can improve their adapting extraordinarily. The earth can likewise be rousing by simply being alright for the kids. In this way, the earth is vital in the learning of kids. References Bhavya, M. S. (2007). _Early adolescence education_. Delhi [India: Kalpaz Publications. Deiner, P. L. (2013). _Inclusive youth training: Development, assets, practice_. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Grotewell, P. G., and Burton, Y. R. (2008). _Early youth training: Issues and developments_. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Morgan, H. (2011). _Early youth training: History, hypothesis, and practice_. Lanham, Md: Rowman and Littlefield.

Religious figures Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strict figures - Term Paper Example As indicated by the History, Lord Mahavir was the last Tirthankara of the Jain religion. According to the Jain technique all Tirthankaras were individuals. They gained the status of flawlessness/illumination in the wake of going through contemplation and self acknowledgment. Thus, Jains view themselves as the ideal individuals. They don't either acknowledge God as their maker, defender and the destroyer of the Universe nor they put stock in the devastation of evil presences (Nagaraja 43). Mahavira was conceived in 599 B.C. in the Bihar State of India in the King’s house. His supporters commend his birthday every year as Mahavir Jayanti. The name given to him by his folks was Vardhaman. Being a caring child of his folks, he used to appreciate delights and solaces of life in an august way. At the point when he achieved the age of 30, he surrendered all the joys of material world and left his family and the Royal habitation for good looking for discovering answer for the issues o f average citizens and became Monk (Jain and Upadhye 36). In the wake of leaving the family and the Royal home, he went through his next 12 years in profound quiet and contemplation to dispose of the joys of life. He didn't enjoy any exercises that could be hurtful for the creatures and the fowls. In some piece of the referenced period, he lived without food. He wound up very without a care in the world despite intolerable sufferings. Due to refered to characteristics, he earned the notoriety of Mahavir, which means daring and gallant. During said period, his otherworldly force totally created and goes to the phase of self acknowledgment. Such acknowledgment in the religion of Jain is known as keval jnana (great/edify) (Jain and Upadhye 39).â Soon after fruition of self acknowledgment work out, Mahavir went through an additional 30 years of his life to go in the length and width of India barefooted. During this period, he used to show individuals reality that he understood. He ass essed the individuals how an individual can appreciate opportunity from the pattern of birth, torment, wretchedness, life and demise and to accomplish the condition of delight for good. This condition of rapture is known as nirvana or moksha (Nagaraja 54). As per the convictions of Mahavir, affected by karma, the spirit gets eager of common delights (individual things and assets). In his view, common delights make an individual conceited bringing about increasingly hoarding of karmas. He used to lecture the correct confidence, right way and great lead, which assumed conclusive job in liberating the spirit from the grasp of karma (Winternitz 107). We refer to here three significant occasions of the life of Mahavir a) Conception (Chyavana), an occasion when his mom considered him in her belly b) subsequent to imagining him in belly, the mother had fourteen dreams, yet according to the conviction of Digambar, they were sixteen dreams and c) his introduction to the world was the param ount occasion for his mom and the family indistinguishable. As per the conviction of Mahavir’s devotees, not long after his introduction to the world, the King of Heaven took him to the Mount of Meru and praised his birthday. The most significant occasion in his life was the point at which he surrendered every common material in his ownership and took shelter in the parsimonious request (Jain and Upadhye 47). The times of obscurity in the life of humanity, brought forth three extraordinary religions in particular Islam, Christianity and Judaism. The referenced religions are profound established religions. The said religions made its advances in the Old Testament patriarch. Abraham used to show their supporters one God and not any more (known as Ibrahim in Islam), was said

How to MC Hammer

How to MC Hammer The Class of 2015 list of 101 things to do before you graduate has challenges of varying degreesI can proudly say Ive already seen a concert in Boston (#37), but I have yet to earn my pirates license (#64). I recently got to knock off a task that is surprisingly easy to finish at MITparticipating in a charity event. I got to display the full range of my talents (or lack thereof) and learn more about the sisters in my sorority while smanging it. Hard. Last weekend two sororities, Sigma Kappa and Kappa Alpha Theta held their signature philanthropy events and I was lucky enough to participate in both in very different ways SK Late Night Sigma Kappas variety show benefits Sigma Kappa Foundation, which is the 2nd largest contributor to Alzheimers Disease research in the US. With a Glee themed event, there was little opportunity to go wronguntil I had to dance. I cannot dance. And there is video evidence. Fortunately, the entire show was a success as break dancers, soloists and pledge classes showed just how talented and creative MIT students are while the SK sisters rocked the stage between acts. KATwalk Kappa Alpha Thetas annual charity fashion show supports CASA (Court Appointed Special Advocates) and features designs from Marc Jacobs, Free People, 344, LF, Britt Ryan, RompApparel, and Ministry of Supply. The entire event was a logistics challenge, but we pulled through and with enough hairspray, eyeliner and attitude, MIT students worked it on the runway: With a team of over a hundred Theta sisters and the help of local sponsors and MITs hottest performers, KATwalk was another huge success and an easy way to get involved in charity at MIT. Take that, #39. :) Let me say its very different being an act and managing one but after a crazy weekend, I only have huge respect for both sides and even more respect for everyone who put in so much work to make the events run as smoothly as they did. But if anything, my favorite takeaway has been learning how to touch (or not touch) this, a la MC Hammer, as promised: 1) pitter patter 2) wave your knees in and out 3) roll your shoulders 4) touch yourself But I feel awkward Youre doing it right.

Toltec Weapons, Armor, and Warfare

From their mighty city of Tollan (Tula), the Toltec civilization dominated Central Mexico from the fall of Teotihuacà ¡n to the rise of the Aztec Empire (approximately 900-1150 A.D.). The Toltecs were a warrior culture and fought frequent battles of conquest and subjugation against their neighbors. They warred in order to take victims for sacrifice, expand their empire and spread the cult of Quetzalcoatl, the greatest of their gods. Toltec Arms and Armor Although the site has been heavily looted over the centuries, there are enough surviving statues, friezes and stelae at Tula to indicate what sort of weapons and armor the Toltecs favored. Toltec warriors would wear decorative chest plates and elaborate feather headdresses into battle. They wrapped one arm from the shoulder down in padding and favored small shields which could be quickly used in close combat. A beautiful armored tunic made of seashells was found in an offering in the Burned Palace at Tula: this armor may have been used by a high-ranking soldier or king in battle. For ranged combat, they had long darts which could be launched with lethal force and accuracy by their atlatls, or javelin throwers. For close combat, they had swords, maces, knives and a special curved club-like weapon inlaid with blades which could be used to batter or slash. Warrior Cults For the Toltecs, wars and conquest were closely linked to their religion. The large and formidable army was likely composed of religious warrior orders, including but not limited to coyote and jaguar warriors. A small statue of a Tlaloc-warrior was unearthed at Ballcourt One, indicating the presence of a Tlaloc warrior cult at Tula, much like the one that was present at Teotihuacà ¡n, the predecessor of the Toltec culture. The columns on top of Pyramid B are four-sided: on them they show gods including Tezcatlipoca and Quetzalcoatl in full battle gear, providing further evidence for the presence of warrior-cults at Tula. The Toltecs aggressively spread the worship of Quetzalcoatl and military conquest was one way to do so. The Toltecs and Human Sacrifice There is ample evidence at Tula and in the historical record that the Toltecs were avid practitioners of human sacrifice. The most obvious indication of human sacrifice is the presence of a tzompantli, or skull rack. Archaeologists have unearthed no fewer than seven Chac Mool statues at Tula (some of which are complete and some of which are only pieces). Chac Mool statues depict a reclining man, belly-up, holding a recipient or bowl on his abdomen. The recipients were used for offerings, including human sacrifices. In ancient legends still told to this day by locals, Ce Atl Quetzalcoatl, the god-king who founded the city, had a dispute with the followers of Tezcatlipoca, mostly about how much human sacrifice was needed to appease the gods: the followers of Tezcatlipoca (who favored more sacrifices) won the conflict and were able to drive Ce Atl Quetzalcoatl out. Military Iconography at Tula It seems that nearly all of the surviving art at the ruined city of Tula has a military or warlike theme to it. The most iconic pieces at Tula are by far the four Atalantes or mighty statues which grace the top of Pyramid B. These statues, which tower over visitors at 17 ft. (4.6 m) high, are of warriors armed and dressed for battle. They bear typical armor, headdresses, and weapons including the curved, bladed club and dart launcher. Nearby, four pillars depict gods and high-ranking soldiers in battle dress. Reliefs carved into benches show processions of chieftains in battle gear. A six-foot stela of a governor dressed as a priest of Tlaloc bears a curved mace and dart launcher. Conquest and Subject States Although historical data is scarce, it is likely that the Toltecs of Tula conquered several nearby states and held them as vassals, demanding tribute such as food, goods, weapons and even soldiers. Historians are divided concerning the scope of the Toltec Empire. There is some evidence that it may have reached as far as the Gulf Coast, but there is no conclusive proof that it extended more than a hundred kilometers in any direction from Tula. The post-Maya city of Chichen Itza shows clear architectural and thematic influence from Tula, but historians generally agree that this influence came from trade or Tula nobles in exile, not from military conquest. Conclusions The Toltecs were mighty warriors who must have been greatly feared and respected in central Mesoamerica during their heyday from about 900-1150 A.D. They used advanced weapons and armor for the time, and were organized into fervent warrior clans serving different ruthless gods. Sources Charles River Editors. The History and Culture of the Toltec. Lexington: Charles River Editors, 2014.Cobean, Robert H., Elizabeth Jimà ©nez Garcà ­a and Alba Guadalupe Mastache. Tula. Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Economica, 2012.Coe, Michael D and Rex Koontz. 6th Edition. New York: Thames and Hudson, 2008.Davies, Nigel. The Toltecs: Until the Fall of Tula. Norman: the University of Oklahoma Press, 1987.Gamboa Cabezas, Luis Manuel. El Palacio Quemado, Tula: Seis Decadas de Investigaciones. Arqueologia Mexicana XV-85 (May-June 2007). 43-47Hassig, Ross. War and Society in Ancient Mesoamerica. University of California Press, 1992.Jimenez Garcia, Esperanza Elizabeth. Iconografà ­a guerrera en la escultura de Tula, Hidalgo. Arqueologia Mexicana XIV-84 (March-April 2007). 54-59.

The Management Of Nutrition And Hydration - 3048 Words

Introduction This assignment has been structured to demonstrate the management of nutrition and hydration in end of life care. In this learning utilising the reflective frame work of Driscoll, 2007, I will critically explore and analyse the management of end of life care in relation to management of a patient’s nutrition and hydration, identifying potential elements and their impacts upon care delivery. As a health care practitioner, my role towards end of life care involves communicating with patients and their family members on a need to know the basis of the treatment plan. Also this would include adequate handover to professionals to maintain a seamless service; as outlined in the Individual Plan of Care (Support for the Dying Person in the Last Days and Hours of Life, NHS, Wigan Leigh Hospice 2014) which, is currently in used in my area of practice. Each outcome would be supported with current literature including local and national government documents. I will identify and explore current and local initiatives e.g.† Individual Plan of Care†, Local Hospice, which have influenced care delivery of nutrition and hydration within the end of life and critically analysing its impact on future care delivery. Governmental influences, as in published documents: influences of professional bodies as in the National Council for Palliative Care (NCPC 2007) and the Royal Council of Nurses (RCN 2014) will be discussed. Challenges facing practitioners will be discussed, especiallyShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits Of The Registered Nurse For Every Healthcare Practice Setting2134 Words   |  9 Pagesprogressive and incurable. 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Concepts, Principles, Theories Free Essays

Generated by Foxit PDF Creator  © Foxit Software http://www. foxitsoftware. com For evaluation only. We will write a custom essay sample on Concepts, Principles, Theories or any similar topic only for you Order Now 14/07/2010 MPK1023: Management and Administration of TVE CONCEPTS vs. PRINCIPLES vs. THEORY PM Dr WILFREDO H. LIBUNAO IMPORTANCE OF IMPORTANCE THEORIES Theories are constructed to give an explanation of phenomena (Stam, 2000). According to Denzin (1970), there are three functions of a theory: 1. Permitting organization of descriptions, 2. leading to explanation, and 3. furnishing the basis for prediction of future events. Importance of Theories†¦cont’d: In a nutshell, theories: – Tell us what we are doing Tell us why we do things – Not how to do things – It help us better understand the process – Will enable us to predict what is going to happen in the future 1 Generated by Foxit PDF Creator  © Foxit Software http://www. foxitsoftware. com For evaluation only. 14/07/2010 Importance of Theories†¦cont’d: Elements of Theory: †¢ Concepts †¢ Generalizations †¢ Assumptions Purposes of Theory: †¢ Provide an explanati on of how things generally work †¢ Guide research †¢ Guide practice Importance of Theories†¦cont’d: Hypotheses: †¢ Conjectural statements that explain relationships. †¢ Use to test theories. †¢ Guide research Scientific Knowledge: Propositions supported by systematic research. Purpose of Science: To test theory and to provide reliable explanation. Theoretical System Concepts Generalizations Assumptions Concepts Variables Hypotheses Variables Empirical Testing Principles  © Hoy, 2008,  © Hoy 2003 2 Generated by Foxit PDF Creator  © Foxit Software http://www. foxitsoftware. com For evaluation only. 14/07/2010 IMPORTANCE OF CONCEPTS †¢ What is a concept? †¢ Why is it important? †¢ How is it different from principles and theories? †¢ Is concept important in management? The Elephant Six blind sages were shown an elephant and met to discuss their experience. It’s wonderful,† said the first, â€Å"an elephant is l ike a rope: slender and flexible. † â€Å"No, no, not at all,† said the second, â€Å"an elephant is like a tree, sturdily planted on the ground. † â€Å"Nonsense,† said the third, â€Å"an elephant is like a wall. † â€Å"Incredible,† said the fourth, â€Å"an elephant is a tube filled with water. † â€Å"What a strange and piecemeal beast this is,† said the fifth. â€Å"Strange indeed,† said the sixth, â€Å"but there must be some underlying harmony. Let us investigate the matter further. † Adapted from a traditional Hindu fable IMPORTANCE OF CONCEPT IMPORTANCE †¢ A concept is a mental abstraction which allows eneralization and the extension of knowledge from some known objects to others unknown. †¢ A concept is formed by taking a number of similar entities and deciding what makes them similar in an important way. †¢ Concepts are bearers of meaning, as opposed to agents of meaning. A single concept can be expressed by any number of languages. 3 Generated by Foxit PDF Creator  © Foxit Software http://www. foxitsoftware. com For evaluation only. 14/07/2010 Importance of concept†¦cont’d †¢ In other words concepts are essentially hypotheses that will become invalid, should they fail to fit in some critical way the empirical reality t is claimed they represent. †¢ The word ‘concept’ refers to a class of acts, thoughts, activities, processes, or structures. †¢ In science its concepts drive research, steering inquiry according to the meaning of each. Importance of concept†¦cont’d †¢ Concepts lead to new directions and new ideas through disturbances or provocations in usual thinking processes. †¢ Concepts are keys to change and improvement. IMPORTANCE OF PRINCIPLE PRINCIPLE – is considered as a law, a doctrine, a policy, or a deep-seated beliefs which governs the deepconduct of various types of human activities. I n the field of administration and supervision, PRINCIPLE is accepted as a fundamental truth. —- for the administrator and supervisor, it is very important to have good principles, because these will serve as his guide in his reflective thinking and in his choice of program of activities. 4 Generated by Foxit PDF Creator  © Foxit Software http://www. foxitsoftware. com For evaluation only. 14/07/2010 IMPORTANT USES OF PRINCIPLES IN SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION 1. Principles are means by which the administrator and supervisor proceed from one situation to another. —- it means that in the operation or in administering/ supervising functions, there is an rganized step-by-step schedule or program of step-byactivities to be followed. 2. Principles are instrumental in improving teachingteachinglearning process. —- since every administrator or supervisor as well as teachers want the best learning outcomes on the part of the learner, these principles will be of great help for the improvement of instruction and all other learning activities. Uses of principles in school administration [cont’d] 3. Principles make for enormous economy of time and effort in choosing techniques to be used. —– meaning principle directs us on what is the appropriate techniques/strategies to be sed effectively in the operation of administrative and supervisory functions. 4. Principles eliminate much of the trial and error practices. —– through it, we can avoid waste of time on what to do, but instead they give us direction or point of destination. Uses of principles in school administration [cont’d] 5. Principles greatly aid in the discovery of new techniques. —– they are the hypotheses that direct the search for new techniques in school administration and supervision. 6. Principles are needed to guide the choice and sequence of the techniques at hand. 5 Generated by Foxit PDF Creator  © Foxit Software http://www. oxitsoftware. com For evaluation only. 14/07/2010 Uses of principles in school administration [cont’d] 7. Principles aid in the evaluation of techniques, for they furnish a broader basis by which to judge the techniques used in the school administration and supervision. —– it is not only used to determine on what appropriate techniques to be used, but it can also serve as measurement / basis as to how effective is the technique or procedures. 8. Principles define the items, which must be scrutinized in evaluating the results. —– this implies the better understanding of the fundamental principles and functions of school dministration and supervision Uses of principles in school administration [cont’d] 9. Principles are used to evaluate the success of administrative and supervisory programs. —— administration and supervision are also directed and evaluated in terms of principles. 10. Principles lead the administrators and supervisors to further activities for they ar e dynamic and not static. —— being a teacher, we are also an administrator and supervisors in the real classroom situation, we must see to it that our principles and techniques used are open for any changes and improvement. The Triadic Relations of Theory, Practice, and Research Theory, research, and practice are in a dynamic relationship. Each set of relationships is relationship. reciprocal: theory guides practice, but practice reciprocal: reinforces, refines, or disconfirms theory; theory theory; guides research, but research creates and refines theory; and research guides practice, but practice theory; directs research. research. T R P  © Hoy, 2008,  © Hoy 2003 6 Generated by Foxit PDF Creator  © Foxit Software http://www. foxitsoftware. com For evaluation only. 14/07/2010 END OF SESSION MPK1023: M anagement and Management Administration of TVE A dministration 7 How to cite Concepts, Principles, Theories, Essay examples

Discussion about Process Architecture Design for University and Consul

Question: Discuss about the Process Architecture Design for University and Consultancy? Answer: Introduction: This study will examine the creation of process architecture of both university and consultancy. Process architecture defines the orders, interfaces and other relationships among process segment in a conventional procedure. General use of this paradigm is to recognize and structure business operations already present in an organization. Four different categories of the design process are as identification of case types, identification of functions for case types, construction of function matrices and identification of processes (Dumas et al. 2013). Process Architecture of University Identification of Case Types: Classification of class types is the initial phase of this procedure. Selection of the right properties is a critical part in developing the architecture. Consider it as the base of the work. The need of classification of types arises because university handles various processes in different ways (Kirchmer, 2012). The names of the properties that needed to be included are service type, channel, and customer type. This study will only concentrate on the 'customer type' classification for identifying the case. Customer type: University provides only services to their respective students. Students are the customers for this architecture. University provides industrial engineering, building or construction engineering study to their regular student and students who come after completing polytechnic. Students fill up their admission form and submit them to the admission department. Through an eligibility check, university selects their students and sends them a confirmation letter. University confirms their students through examining their previous study report in detail. Students from other countries also get the chance of getting the education. University also considers part-time students. Part-time students are those who simultaneously work and study. Part-time students projects are. Figure 1: Case Types of University (Source: created by author) Identification of Functions for Case Types: Different case types consist of different functions (Kirchmer, 2012). The major aspect of this process is to identify the functions by inspecting each case type in detail. The various roles of the university are admission process and education. The decomposition of admission process results into two parts, accepting admission forms check and confirmation. Education consists of courses and projects. One function of 'admission' is to provide the students a chance for becoming an integral part of the university. The project can be decomposed into two parts, conventional and actual life. Plans of part-time students are more realistic. Figure 2: Functions of University (Source: created by author) Design of Functions matrix: The identify case type' and identify features' studies leads to the present task of developing a function model (Yin et al. 2014). The sign X' in the individual matrix represent that corresponding function can be performed for that case type. The matrix here in this study shows the relation between three distinct case types with functions. Part-time students get to do the projects that more relates to real experiences. On the other hand, regular and polytechnic students do current projects. Education and project functions do not have total participation with pupils. Regular and polytechnic students do not get a chance to do real life projects. Part-time students do not possess the opportunity to have the benefit of optional function. Figure 3: Function Matrix of University (Source: created by author) Identification of the processes in the case function matrix: It is the final step in the process. Developing a business process require a finding combination of business function and case type (Harmon, 2014). For this purpose, determine the tradeoff between two extremes. The rules for determining the 'big process' in this study are, split the process vertically if it has distinct flow-objects (Karthik et al. 2015). Separate the process horizontally when it has subtle differences and when a process consists many functions for one case. These rules are the guidelines for making the architecture possible (Niemi et al. 2013). Flow objects flow through a business process. In this matrix, the indication of having more than one flow object is present. One flow object for the education function is a perusing course. Sometimes few functions perform for all the cases at the same time (Kirchmer, 2012). It is typical for batch processing. The accepting admission form' function works for all the cases. Though confirmation is also performed for the case, it more relates to the 'big process' perusing course. The conventional project function for both types of students represents a 'big process' related to study. For part-time case, it indicates the process related to existent. Figure 4: Identified processes of Function Matrix of University (Source: created by author) Process Architecture of Consultancy: Like the university, the discussion on the architecture for consultancy will cover up to four topics. Identification of case types: Case types can be of mainly four types (Jeston Nelis, 2014). This study concentrates on choosing service as case type over all the other cases. It is because the consultancy choose asset of products over clients. Consultancy provides the services do the works of consulting, outsourcing and interim management. Consultancy services are in exchange of money providing expert knowledge to an organization. It is often required by an organization when business demands expert advice (Yin et al. 2014). For managing businesses, outsourcing services is becoming more popular. Interim management describes the process, the short-term task of a proven established interim executivemanagerfor managing a span of transition, crisisfor an organization. The services of the organization are different for new and old clients. It provides services to the new customers and upgrades the performance of the products already old client consist. Figure 5: Case Type of Consultancy (Source: created by author) Identification of Functions for Case Types: Functions are an with a various employees of the integral part of case types. Features determine the how the business process works (Jeston Nelis 2014). It requires meetings organization, especially with product and service managers. The functions are, project plan, consultant research, and interim task. Outcomes of decomposition of project plan are team project creation, kick-off meeting, execution, and evaluation. For new customers, interim task focuses on networking events and framework contract. On the other hand, old clients conduct regular meetings. Figure 6: Functions of Consultancy (Source: created by author) Design of Functional matrix: The signs X' in the matrix represent the relation of case type with a particular function (Dumas et al. 2013). The outsourcing case is severely related to all the sub-function of 'project plan' function. Consultant research case concerns itself with leasing and secretary sub-function. New client conduct a meeting and the organization tries to establish a relation that will last long. Old customers get the service for updating the product further. Figure 7: Function matrix of Consultancy (Source: created by author) Identification of the processes in the case function matrix: Rules for determining identifying processes in this matrix are, split vertically if a process changes change transactional state (Harmon 2015). Split-up when a process contains logical separation in time. Split-up when a process includes logical separation in space. Few big processes are, networking events, team creation and execution works for outsourcing and new customer case. The team creation for outsourcing and new function defined as team assigning. Regular meeting function is related with consulting and old case type. Figure 8: Identified processes of function matrix of Consultancy (Source: created by author) Conclusion: This study concludes identification of case types and functions are the central part of creating process architecture. A university in this study consists of case types like, regular, Polytechnic and part time. On the other hand, consultancy consists of a project plan, consultant research and interim task. Through identifying process big processes' are found. Big processes are the processes that consist of more than one flow. These flows assist in the decisions of business procedures. Combination of process creates big process that decides the direction of business processes. The process to create architecture of distinct businesses is same. References: Dijkman, R., Vanderfeesten, I., Reijers, H. A. (2011). The road to a business process architecture: an overview of approaches and their use.The Nederlands: Einhoven University of Technology. Dumas, M., La Rosa, M., Mendling, J., Reijers, H. A. (2013).Fundamentals of business process management(pp. I-XXVII). Heidelberg: Springer. Harmon, P. (2014).Business process change. Morgan Kaufmann. Harmon, P. (2015). The scope and evolution of business process management. InHandbook on Business Process Management 1(pp. 37-80). 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